What economic concept defines the trade-off between inflation and unemployment?

The Phillips Curve is the economic concept that illustrates the relationship between inflation and unemployment, demonstrating an inverse relationship between the two. In essence, it suggests that when unemployment is low, inflation tends to be high, and conversely, when unemployment is high, inflation is typically low. This concept highlights a trade-off that policymakers might face; for example, if a government aims to reduce unemployment by stimulating the economy, it might lead to increased inflation.

This relationship is pivotal in macroeconomic theory and helps to explain the dynamics that central banks and policymakers must navigate when making decisions about interest rates and monetary policy. The Phillips Curve has evolved over time and is subject to various interpretations, but at its core, it succinctly captures the tension between these two critical economic indicators.

As for the other concepts, the Laffer Curve relates to the relationship between tax rates and tax revenue, while Keynesian Theory focuses broadly on total spending within the economy and its effects on output and inflation. Classical Economics emphasizes the idea that free markets lead to efficient outcomes without government intervention, but does not specifically address the trade-off between inflation and unemployment.