What effect does a shortage typically have on prices?

A shortage occurs when the demand for a good or service exceeds the available supply at a given price. In such situations, consumers are willing to pay more to obtain the limited quantity available, which drives prices upward. Sellers recognize this heightened demand and can raise their prices because buyers are competing for the scarce products.

As the price increases, it typically leads to either a reduction in demand (as some consumers may no longer be willing or able to pay the higher price) or an increase in supply (as higher prices may incentivize producers to increase production), eventually moving the market toward equilibrium.

This relationship between shortages and rising prices is a fundamental concept in economics, reflecting the balance that supply and demand establish in a market. Understanding this helps grasp how market mechanics function in response to changes in availability and consumer behavior.