What is the major difference between perfect competition and monopolistic competition?

The major difference between perfect competition and monopolistic competition lies in product differentiation. In a perfectly competitive market, the products offered by different firms are identical, meaning consumers see them as perfectly substitutable. This results in no single firm having any market power to influence prices, as consumers will always choose the lowest-priced, identical product available.

On the other hand, monopolistic competition features many firms that sell products that are not identical but rather differentiated. This differentiation can be based on factors such as quality, features, branding, or customer service. Because of this product differentiation, firms in a monopolistically competitive market have some degree of market power and can influence their prices to some extent. Consumers may be willing to pay higher prices for a brand they perceive as superior or different.

Ultimately, the presence of product differentiation in monopolistic competition allows firms to compete on factors beyond just price, which is a key distinction from the price-focused nature of perfect competition.