Which of the following illustrates why the wage gap between women and men is discriminatory?

The glass ceiling effectively illustrates why the wage gap between women and men is discriminatory because it highlights the invisible barriers that prevent women from advancing to higher-paying roles and positions of power within organizations. This metaphor represents the obstacles that women face in the workplace, despite their qualifications and abilities. Used in discussions about the wage gap, the concept of the glass ceiling emphasizes how systemic and institutional biases contribute to the disparity in pay between genders.

In contrast, the giveback refers to a situation where employees may agree to reduce their pay or benefits to help a company during tough economic times, which isn't directly related to discriminatory practices. The two-tier wage system describes a scenario where employees are paid differently based on their employment status or tenure rather than merit or equality, which can contribute to the wage gap, but it does not specifically highlight gender discrimination. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was a vital piece of legislation aimed at addressing wage disparities, but it is more a response to discrimination rather than an illustration of the problem itself. The glass ceiling, therefore, serves as a direct representation of the barriers women face, underscoring the discriminatory nature of the wage gap between men and women.