Which of the following were a direct result of union activity?

The correct choice is tied to significant achievements resulting from union activities, particularly in advocating for workers' rights and fair labor practices. Unions have historically negotiated directly with employers to improve working conditions, including compensation for labor. A higher rate of pay for overtime hours worked is a clear outcome of union negotiation efforts. Unions have pushed for laws and agreements that guarantee workers receive pay totaling at least 1.5 times their regular hourly wage for every hour worked beyond the standard workweek. This not only ensures fair compensation but also reflects the broader goals of unions to secure better pay and conditions for their members.

The other options relate to topics that do not directly stem from union activity. For instance, while immigration quotas and consumer boycotts are relevant to labor and economic discussions, they are not outcomes directly produced by union negotiations or activities. Instead, they reflect broader social and economic policies or grassroots movements not limited to union influence. An increase in jobs for migrant workers also does not specifically originate from union activity, although unions may advocate for various labor rights that can benefit all workers, including migrant workers.