Which of these was run by the states but later taken over by the federal government?

The supplemental security income (SSI) program is a federal program that provides cash assistance to individuals who are aged, blind, or disabled and have limited income and resources. Initially, certain income assistance programs were administered at the state level. However, the SSI program was established by the federal government in 1972 to provide a uniform nationwide program that replaced various state-run programs. This transition to federal control was designed to ensure consistent benefits and eligibility criteria across different states, addressing disparities and inefficiencies that existed in the state-administered systems.

While welfare and social service programs might have state involvement and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) has elements of federal and state administration, SSI specifically transitioned from a state-operated framework to full federal oversight, making it distinct in this context.